ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate treatment outcomes in Wilms' tumor (WT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 53 children with median age of 2 years with WT, stages I-19, II-14, III-12, IV-6 and V-2. Treatment consisted of surgical excision plus adjuvant (40 children) or neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy (unresectable tumor, n = 8, or caval tumor extension, n = 5). Chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed protocols of Brazilian Wilms' Tumor Study Group excepting 16 cases with stage I disease that received a short duration postoperative treatment with vincristine (VCR - 11 doses) and dactinomycin (AMD - 4 doses). Relapsed WT was treated with multiagent regimens including cisplatin/carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and etoposide. One patient with resistant relapsed WT was treated by high-dose conditioning chemotherapy with stem cell rescue. RESULTS: Overall and disease-free survival rates at 5 years were respectively 88.2 ± 5.0 percent and 76.7 ± 6.6 percent. Short duration therapy for stage I tumor showed a disease-free survival rate of 100 percent in a median time of 101 months (range 14 to 248 months). Overall and disease-free survival of 10 patients with recurrent WT at 5 years was 42.8 percent. The child treated with high-dose chemotherapy plus stem cell transplant is alive without evidence of disease 84 months from relapse. CONCLUSION: The postoperative chemotherapy in stage I disease can be reduced without compromising the cure rate. The treatment of unfavorable stage III and IV disease or relapsed tumor remains a challenge.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Wilms Tumor/surgery , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Disease-Free Survival , Follow-Up Studies , Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasm Staging , Nephrectomy , Recurrence , Wilms Tumor/drug therapyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of prostate carcinoma in a sample of volunteers known to have a large proportion of Bantu African ancestors, and the performance of total PSA (tPSA), PSA density (PSAD) and free-to-total PSA ratio (f/tPSA) on the diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 473 volunteers (range: 40 - 79 years) were screened for prostate carcinoma. Those with tPSA >2 ng/ml and/or abnormal digital rectal examination were submitted to a transrectal ultrasound-directed biopsy (10 cores). The volunteers were classified as White, Mulatto or Black according to physical characteristics and to ancestors race reference. The following variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) were analyzed in the blood of 120 volunteers without cancer and in 27 patients with prostate cancer: D4S43, PAH, F13A1, APOB and vW-1. RESULTS: The biopsies performed in 121 volunteers revealed cancer in 27 (5.7 percent of 473). The proportions of cancer in White, Mulatto and Black were respectively: 0.6 percent (1/148), 6.7 percent (6/90) and 8.5 percent (20/235) (p = 0.006). The VNTRs analysis revealed heterogeneity in White, Mulatto and Black anthropologic phenotypes with the following admixture of Caucasian, African and Amerindian gene lineages: 67.5 ± 8 percent, 20.8 ± 8 percent, 11.7 ± 7 percent; 54.8 ± 9 percent, 36.3 ± 5 percent, 8.9 ± 7 percent; and, 45.3 ± 3 percent, 45.9 ± 4 percent, 8.8 ± 7 percent. Such a mixture was 50.5 ± 9 percent, 49 ± 8 percent and 0.5 ± 4 percent in volunteers bearing cancer, and 59.1 ± 7 percent, 31.7 ± 8 percent and 9.2 ± 5 percent in those without cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of tPSA at cut-off levels of 2, 2.5 and 4 ng/ml for volunteers with tPSA <= 10 ng/ml were respectively: 100 percent and 6,6 percent, 100 percent and 36,6 percent, 69,2 percent and 62,2 percent. PSAD at a cut-off level of 0.08 or 0.10, and f/tPSA at a cut-off level of 20 percent were able to increase significantly tPSA specificity without loss on sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: The tumor prevalence was higher in Non-White than in White phenotype. The association of tPSA at a cut-off level of 2.5 ng/ml with a PSAD of 0.08 or a f/tPSA of 20 percent for biopsy indication deserves further investigations as an alternative to tPSA cut-off level of 4 ng/ml.
ABSTRACT
O estudo teve como objetivo a determinaçäo da prevalência do adenocarcinoma prostático em uma amostra de voluntários entre 40 e 80 anos de idade de uma regiäo nordestina. Os voluntários foram recrutados da comunidade e submetidos ao toque retal e à dosagem do PSA total. Compareceram 499 homens para essa avaliaçäo inicial. Aqueles com PSA maior que 2ng/ml e/ou toque retal suspeito tiveram a biópsia indicada. De 135 homens com indicaçäo de biópsia, 120 compareceram para o exame. A biópsia guiada por ultra-som consistiu da retirada de 10 fragmentos (5/lobo). O adenocarcinoma prostático foi encontrado em 24 voluntários, o que corresponde a 5,1 por cento dos casos. Essa prevalência parece mais elevada que a observada em voluntários da regiäo sudeste do país. A diferença pode ser conseqüência de fatores genéticos ou ambientais, mas näo se pode descartar outros fatores como variaçöes metodológicas.